Protecting establishments from the threat of Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear (CBRN) hazards including Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP), Intentional Electromagnetic Interference (IEMI) and Telecommunications Electronics Material Protected from Emanating Spurious Transmissions (TEMPEST) attacks.
Competitive Advantage: Why us?
1. Team:
We have the requisite expertise, capacity, domain and proprietary knowledge and decades of experience to design, engineer and execute projects on turnkey basis, with key strategic partners which is not available as a group anywhere in the country. Such experience is available to only handful people involved in such niche & confidential projects. We also have the capability & capacity to execute these projects on a turnkey basis under one roof, and have done so previously in earlier tenures for over a decade, while being involved in such projects.
2. Proprietary work:
The knowledge being proprietary in nature, there is a possibility of filing a large number of patents in this domain. However, due to the confidential nature of work, it may not be appropriate to file all such patents. Few (not an exhaustive list) major patents (filed and yet to be filed) are as under:
- a. E3 disconnection for EMP (Patent Filed)
- b. Silent Room (An Electromagnetic shielded enclosure constructed from composite metallic panels, integrated with proprietary materials and technology, to form a completely “sealed” six-sided space with an entry and an exit and the provision of power, air-conditioning air-inlets and air-exhausts and data connectivity. The proprietary technology enables almost any size and shape of the room to be created. The enclosures can be sized to fit the host building and maximise the usable space. This room works on the principle of a Faraday's cage, providing a controlled environment, free from Electromagnetic Interference and ambient RF & Acoustic signals from entering or exiting the room). (Patent being filed)
- c. NBC filter testing regime. (Patent being filed)
3. Expertise amongst competitors for managing such projects :
Understanding of all the effects put together due to non-availability of data & lack of opportunity & experience in working in such niche & confidential projects. Envirya Projects is also incubated with IIT-Kanpur.
What are Chemical, Biological, Radiological & Nuclear (CBRN) threats ?
- 1. Expertise amongst competitors for managing such projects :
a. CBRN threats include the intent and the capability to employ weapons or improvised devices to produce CBRN hazards.
b. CBRN hazards include CBRN threats created from accidental or deliberate releases
b. CBRN hazards include CBRN threats created from accidental or deliberate releases
- Toxic industrial materials.
- Chemical agents.
- Biological agents & biological pathogens.
- Radioactive material.
- Hazards resulting from the employment of WMDs.
- 2. Hostile state and non-state actors, including terrorists and their supporters, anti-social elements who possess or are seeking to acquire weapons of mass destruction (WMD) to create hysteria, bad blood in the country through usage of such deadly agents.
- 3. Therefore, an elaborate & effective measures are necessary to minimize or negate the vulnerability to and effects of CBRN contamination.
Nuclear: Types Of Burst And Effect
Nuclear: types Of Burst And Effect
Flash & fireball
- Intense blinding flash
- Intense heat
- < Millionth of second
- > Million degrees, gas to plasma
- Lethality 100% near Fireball
- Forms, rises, expands
- Creates Blast wave
- Releases Electromagnetic radiation sets up Flash Blindness, Mass Fires, Deep Burns & Lethal Radiation
Blast
- Static over Pressure due to compression
- Dynamic over pressure due to drag and wind
- High velocity radial expansion of residual gas
- Spherical expanding blast wave
- Equipment and personal vulnerable to dynamic over pressure
- Over pressure 2-8 times of incident wave
Shock
- Air blast loading creates a super seismic condition
- Ground Shock waves are air slap induced waves , Direct waves, Upstream induced or Head waves. Head waves are divided into Body waves & Surface waves.
- Surface Burst produces the max shock effect
- 1 KT surface detonation can destroy UG facility as deep as few 10s of meters.
- Shock front in water shall travel at 5 times the speed of Blast wave in air
Radiation
- Electromagnetic radiation and particulate radiation
- Initial radiation in 1st min from nuclear processes occurring at detonation
- Residual radiation after 1 min from decay of radioisotopes
- Residual radiation, is radioactive fallout & neutron induced activity
- Radiation hazard due to exposure or contamination
- Radiation effected by distance, time of exposure, dose, rate of dose, age, tissue
- Acute radiation syndrome, combined injury syndrome
- Prodromal, Lag, Main manifest illness
EMP and TREE
- EMP propagates through conducted & radiated pulse forms
- E1 pulse, nano second to micro second
- E1 50kV/m for HEMP, MV/m at source
- E2 pulse, micro seconds to milli seconds
- E3 pulse seconds to 1000 seconds
- TREE is due to fast moving neutrons and gamma rays
- Cause fadeout of electrical components & burnout of sensitive electronics
Thermal
- Greatest for low altitude blast
- 2 peaks
- 99% of thermal energy in 2nd peak
- Duration of pulse on yield and height ( 0.4 S for 1kT, 20 S for 10 MT)
- Burns and eye injuries
- Ignition of combustible materia
- Primary – Flash burn
- Secondary – Flame burn
- Flash blindness in 2-3 min day, 10-15 min night
- Secondary flame uses up all the oxygen
Nuclear: Blast Effect
20KT Wpn - Fatalities are universal inside the red dots
Blast Wave Passing Over a Structure
Nuclear: Radiation Effect
Effects On Humans
Radiological: Symptoms & Effect
Symptoms of Radiation
Loss of appetite, fatigue, fever, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and possibly even seizures and coma. This seriously ill stage may last from a few hours up to several months. People who receive a high radiation dose also can have skin damage.
How Radiation Affects Your Body
Like with many other contaminants or toxins, our genetic material, or DNA, is the primary target.
Radiation can interact with DNA directly and cause damage by breaking bonds in the DNA or indirectly by breaking water molecules surrounding the DNA. When these water molecules are broken, they produce free radicals–unstable oxygen molecules that can damage cells and organs.
Once a cell is damaged, three things can happen
The cell repairs itself. The cell would then go back to normal.
The cell damage is not repaired or is incorrectly repaired, so the cell is changed. This change may eventually lead to cancer.
There is too much damage to the cell, and the cell dies. Cell death is not always a bad option. If a few radiation-damaged cells die, your body will recover, and you do not have the risk of those cells potentially turning into cancer. However, widespread cell death, such as that caused by high radiation doses, can lead to organ failure and, ultimately, death.
Chemical: Symptoms & Effect
Nerve
Symptoms
- difficulty breathing
- sweating
- drooling
- nausea
- vomiting
- convulsions
- dimming of vision
- headache
Effects
- incapacitates at low concentrations
- death at high concentrations
Rate of Action
- very rapid by inhalation or through the eyes
- slower through the skin
Release Form
- aerosol
- vapour
- liquid
Blood Choking
Symptoms
- difficulty breathing
- coma
Effects
- interference with respiration at cellular level or by interfering with oxygen transpo
Rate of Action
- rapid
Release Form
- aerosol
- vapour
Blister
Symptoms
- symptoms range from immediate to delayed
- searing of eyes
- stinging of skin
- powerful irritation of eyes, nose, and skin
Effects
- blisters skin and respiratory tract
- can cause temporary blindness
- some sting and form welts on the skin
Rate of Action
- blisters from mustard may appear several hours after exposure
- Lewisite causes prompt burning, redness within 30 minutes; blister on first and second days
- phosgene oxime cause immediate, intense pain
Release Form
- liquid
particulate
Biological: Symptoms & Effect
Bacteria and Rickettsia
Anthrax (Bacillus anthracis)
Routes of Infection
S, R
C, I
C, I
Untreated Mortality (%)
S : 5-20
R : 80-90
R : 80-90
Incubation Period
1-4 Days
Transmissibility
(Human to Human)
No
Plague (Yersinia pestis)
Routes of Infection
V, R
Untreated Mortality (%)
60
Incubation Period
2-3 Days
Transmissibility
(Human to Human)
High
Q Fever (Cociella burnetti)
Routes of Infection
V, R
Untreated Mortality (%)
< 1
Incubation Period
2-10 Days
Transmissibility
(Human to Human)
No
Tularemia (Francisella tularensis)
Routes of Infection
D, V, R
Untreated Mortality (%)
30-50
Incubation Period
2-10 Days
Transmissibility
(Human to Human)
No
Legend:-
C- cutaneous
R-respiratory system
D-digestive system
I-Ingestion
S-Skin
DC-direct contact
V-vector
R-respiratory system
D-digestive system
I-Ingestion
S-Skin
DC-direct contact
V-vector
Viruses
Smallpox (Variola major)
Routes of Infection
R
Untreated Mortality (%)
30
Incubation Period
10-12 Days
Transmissibility
(Human to Human)
High
Viral equine encephalitis (e.g. Western, Eastern, Venezuelan)
Routes of Infection
R, V
Untreated Mortality (%)
< 1
Incubation Period
2-6 Days
Transmissibility
(Human to Human)
Low
Viral haemorrhagic fevers (Ebola, SARS, COVID-19, Marburg, Lassa, Rift Valley, Dengue, etc.)
Routes of Infection
DC, R, V
Untreated Mortality (%)
Up to 90 (Virus dependent)
Incubation Period
3-21 Days
Transmissibility
(Human to Human)
Moderate
Legend:-
C- cutaneous
R-respiratory system
D-digestive system
I-Ingestion
S-Skin
DC-direct contact
V-vector
R-respiratory system
D-digestive system
I-Ingestion
S-Skin
DC-direct contact
V-vector
Toxins
Botulism (Botulinum neurotoxins)
Routes of Infection
D, R
Untreated Mortality (%)
60
Incubation Period
1-4 Days
Transmissibility
(Human to Human)
No
Ricin (Ricinus communis)
Routes of Infection
D, R
Untreated Mortality (%)
30
Incubation Period
Hours to Days
Transmissibility
(Human to Human)
No
Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B
Routes of Infection
D, R
Untreated Mortality (%)
< 1
Incubation Period
Hours to Days
Transmissibility
(Human to Human)
No
Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B
Routes of Infection
D, R, S
Untreated Mortality (%)
10-50
Incubation Period
–
Transmissibility
(Human to Human)
Yes (from skin contact)
Legend:-
C- cutaneous
R-respiratory system
D-digestive system
I-Ingestion
S-Skin
DC-direct contact
V-vector
R-respiratory system
D-digestive system
I-Ingestion
S-Skin
DC-direct contact
V-vector
CBRN Summary
Chemical
Nerve agents(Sarin, Soman, Cyclohexylsarin, Tabun, VX
),Vesicating or blistering agents(Mustards, Lewisite
),Choking agents or lung toxicants(Chlorine, Phosgene, Diphosgene
),Cyanides Incapacitating agents(Anticholinergic compounds
),Lacrimating or riot control agents(Pepper gas, chloroacetophenone, CS)
),Vomiting agents(Adamsite
)
Biological
Anthrax (Bacillus anthracis), Botulism (Clostridium botulinum toxin), Plague (Yersinia pestis), Smallpox (variola major), Tularemia (Francisella tularensis), Viral hemorrhagic fevers, including. Filoviruses (Ebola, Marburg) Arenaviruses (Lassa, Machupo)
Radiological
Dirty weapon, Clean weapon, Alpha/ Beta/ Gama, Neutrons, TREE
Nuclear
Flash, Blast, Shock, Thermal
Conductive and Radiative EMP & TREE
HEMP/NEMP, SREMP, TREE
EMP: E1 , E2 , E3 Susceptibilities
HEMP Coupling & Point Of Entries
- The electromagnetic field coupling to any electronic system or cable or component is a function of the signal frequency and electrical dimension of the receptor.
- The EMP frequency spectrum with significant amplitude lies up to 250 MHz. So any system working in this frequency range is going to be affected by the EMP.
- The major receptor of the EMP energy are long power transmission line, HF and VHF communication, Microwave tower, underground and buried cables, long wire antenna naval systems and airborne vehicles in flight.
- The EMP after penetrating into a system induces transient voltage and current, that causes the functional upset to a working system or permanent damage due to burn out of the semiconductor components or integrated circuits.
The susceptibility to electronic systems to EMP have been studied by earlier researchers. Susceptibility levels for various devices reported by them are shown in the table.
EMP: Protection Concept
EMP: Validation(Through Frequency Domain & Time Domain Analysis)
This Pulse Current Injection system or PCI is used to measure the performance points of entry according to MIL standards. It is a highly durable system for military use.
As a pulse current injection system which will generate a peak current of 1.2kA and approximate source impedance of more than 60 ohms.
EMP: E3 HEMP/EMP Protector For High Value Assets
A critical high Voltage electrical isolator has been designed using unique materials, process and combined with the state of art technology in Pulse Power High Voltage and fast nano-second electronics and electrical engineering.
The entire system is so built that it is durable for high energy shocks, mechanical shocks, due to its capability of standing on its vibration shock mounts. The system operates pneumatically.
It can be remotely controlled or triggered into action
IEMI & TEMPEST Products
A “Silent Room” is an Electromagnetic & Acoustics shielded enclosure constructed from composite metallic panels, integrated with proprietary materials and technology, to form a completely “sealed” six-sided space with an entry and an exit and provision for Power, Air-conditioning air-inlets & air-exhausts and data connectivity. The proprietary technology enables almost any size and shape of the room to be created.
Salient Features of Silent Room
Some of the salient features of our design and execution capabilities are as follows :-
- Overall structural, architectural, electrical, environmental and HVAC design including indoor air management of the complex.
- EMP/ IEMI/ TEMPEST/ Geo-magnetic storms/ Lightning protection ranging from 100KHz to 40GHz design within the shell for protection from external elements.
- Shielded enclosures to counter espionage activities through Thermal, Acoustic, Radio, Optical and Electronic/ Electrical channels. • RF protection – IEEE 299 (MIL 188-125-1 / IEC 61000 as applicable to client) (Certification).
- Optical isolation – Technical Counter Security Practice SOPs.
- Acoustic isolation – Measurement of sound insulation in buildings and of building elements. ISO 16283 (Part 1) and ISO 717-1.
- Isolation of smart controls (BMS) within the premises.
- Cleanliness of all premise and electronic devices from bugs/malwares. Technical Counter Security Practice SOPs.
- Asymmetric cryptographic tools for encryption of data files.
Walls Have Ears
Salient Features of Silent Room
